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How a Planar Magnetic Diaphragm Headphone Driver Works In the past, dynamic drivers used a voice coil attached at the center of the dialephragm, which is conical. When electrical signal passes through the voice coil it causes the diaphragm to move. The force is applied to a tiny portion of the diaphragm, and it is difficult to move multiple points at the same time. This causes breakup modes which can cause distortion. Sound Detail Many audiophiles are looking to get a detailed sound from their headphones. This can be achieved through the planar diaphragm. This kind of headphone functions in a similar manner to cone drivers that are dynamic, but with much more advanced technology. A planar diaphragm is a flat piece of material that is embedded within the headphone's frame and constructed of a light light material. It's designed to be as flat and uniform as is possible. This ensures an even distribution of pressure across the entire surface. The flat shape of a planar magnetic diaphragm also creates a more controlled soundstage. A more focused wavefront leads to better sound staging that can help locate the exact location of an vocal or instrument on the track. This is an advantage over the more spherical waves typically of dynamic drivers. A planar diaphragm is different from the traditional dynamic drivers that employ a voice-coil that is anchored to the cone's center composed of plastic or paper. Instead, it employs a series of magnets on each side of its flat surface. The electrical current flowing through the voice coil interacts with the magnets to cause the diaphragm and produce sound. The entire diaphragm can be driven at the same time. This removes breakup modes, mechanical filters, transmission delays, and local resonances, which could have a negative impact on sound quality. A diaphragm that is flat and uniform can also accelerate more quickly than the larger and heavier ones that are used in dynamic drivers. According to the laws of physics, force is proportional mass and acceleration. This means that the more quickly a driver's diaphragm moves and the greater force they exert. This gives planar magnetic drivers more accurate bass response and greater detail retrieval. Of course, the advantages of a planar magnetic driver don't come at a cost. They're more expensive than dynamic drivers since they have a large diaphragm and a complicated motor. They also require a larger amplifier to function efficiently. Many manufacturers of planar magnetic headphones are able to take advantage of their technology and design high-performance headphones for competitive prices. Audeze LCD-4, HiFiMAN Susvara are a few examples. High Sensitivity Planar drivers differ from moving coil drivers that are used in the majority of headphones or IEMs in that they utilize a flat membrane instead of a traditional cone or dome membrane. As an electrical signal moves through it, it interacts with the magnets and diaphragm to create sound waves. The flatness of the diaphragm permits it to respond quickly to sound and is capable of generating many different frequencies, ranging from bass to highs. The main benefit of a planar magnetic design is that it's more sensitive than other types of headphone drivers, which can use a diaphragm that is up to a few times more powerful than a typical headphone. This results in an exceptional amount of dynamic range and clarity, allowing you to hear every detail your music has to offer. Additionally that, planar magnetic drivers create an extremely uniform driving force throughout the diaphragm that eliminates breakup points and produces a smooth sound that's free of distortion. This is especially important for high-frequency sounds where the sound's breakups can be extremely audible and distracting. In magnetic earphones , this is achieved through the use of a sophisticated material called polyimide. It is both ultra-light and extremely strong, and a sophisticated conductor pattern that blocks inductance intermodulation distortion. OPPO's planar magnet drivers also offer a superior phase coherence. This means that when an audio wavefront strikes our ear, it's flat and unaltered. Dynamic drivers have a spherical-shaped wavefront, which alters the coherence of the signal, which results in less-than-perfect reconstructions of the highest frequencies, particularly at high frequencies. OPPO headphones sound extremely natural and authentic. Wide Frequency Response Planar magnetic diaphragms are able to reproduce sounds at higher frequencies than traditional drivers. This is because their thin and lightweight diaphragm is very precise in its movement. This enables them to deliver an excellent transient response. This makes them an exceptional choice for audiophiles who require rapid response from their headphones and speakers to reproduce the finest nuances in music. The flat design gives them a more even soundstage than traditional headphones that employ a dynamic driver that is coiled. In addition they are less prone to leakage which is the sound that escapes from the headphone cups and into the surrounding area. In some cases this is a concern because it can distract listeners and alter their concentration when listening to music. In some cases it can be a problem because it can distract listeners and alter their focus when listening to music. Rather than using a coil that is placed behind a cone-shaped diaphragm, planar headphones are made up of conductors arranged on the extremely thin diaphragm itself. The conductor is then suspended between two magnets and when an electrical signal is applied to the array it becomes electromagnetic, causing the magnetic forces on either side of the diaphragm to interact each one. This is what causes the diaphragm to vibrate, resulting in the sound wave. The low distortion is due to the consistent movement of the lightweight, thin diaphragm and the fact that the force is evenly dispersed across its surface. This is a significant improvement over traditional dynamic drivers that have been known to cause distortion at high listening levels. Some premium headphones utilize the old-school moving coil design. However, the majority of HiFi audiophiles are now adopting this long-forgotten technology to create a new generation planar magnetic headphones that sound amazing. Certain models require a high-end amp to power them. However, for those who can afford it, they provide an experience that is unlike any other headphones. They offer a rich and detailed sound that is free from the distortion inherent in other headphone models. Minimal Inertia Due to their construction the diaphragms of planar diaphragms move faster and are lighter than conventional drivers. This means that they reproduce audio signals with greater precision and can be tuned to greater frequency ranges. They also give a natural sound with less distortion than traditional dynamic loudspeakers. The dual rows of magnets inside a planar magnetic driver generate equal and uniform magnetic forces across the entire diaphragm's surface. This will eliminate any unnecessary and unwanted distortion. The diaphragm's weight is more manageable since the force is evenly distributed. This permits the diaphragm to move in an exact pistonic motion. Planar magnetic drivers are also capable of achieving very high levels of performance with the smallest weight, making them ideal for headphones that can be carried around. They can also be designed to provide a variety in frequencies, ranging from low frequency sounds to high-frequency ones. Audio professionals love them due to their broad frequency response and accurate sound. In contrast to dynamic drivers, which use coils to push against the diaphragm and vice versa, planar magnetic drivers have no mechanical parts that can come into contact with each other and cause distortion. This is due to the fact that the flat array of conductors is placed directly on the diaphragm instead of in a coil behind it. In contrast, the thin and lightweight diaphragm in a planar magnetic driver can be driven by an extremely powerful magnetic field without any loss of energy. As a result, the diaphragm is driven with an even pressure, which prevents it from deforming and causing distortion. The moment of inertia defines the resistance to the rotation of an object. It can be calculated using the formula I = mr2. The shape of the object determines its minimum moment of inertia. Longer and thinner objects have lower moments of inertia.